An Analysis of Narrative Discourse in Harry Potter by J.K Rowling
INTRODUCTION
As a means of communication, language allows its speakers to talk about anything within their knowledge. It can serve human’s needs in their communication in any situation.
Harry Potter is popular novel by J.K Rowling who comes from Britain. She tells Harry Potter life and some problem that he faces in his life. In this study analyzes the subject using narrative discourse. Dealing with narrative discourse, Harry Potter is a kind of narrative discourse.
Narrative plays the reader’s emotion and imagination. The reader also learns inside the story, such as: the culture and characters played by the character.
Based on the previous phenomenon the author is interested in conducting analysis of discourse toward “Harry Potter” and the element that support the novels as discourse and the aspects of narrative, Entitled “An Analysis of Narrative Discourse in Harry Potter by J.K Rowling”.
This study is aimed at examining and finding the strategies of opening a conversation and types of questions in Harry Potter in order to help the readers to grasp the novel thoroughly.
The objective of the study is to:
1. Describe the strategies of opening a conversation and types of questions in Harry Potter.
2. Propose some implications for the teaching, learning and reading of literature.
Based on the background of the study above, the writer states the problem statements as the followings:
1. What are the strategies of opening a conversation in Harry Potter?
2. What are the types of questions in Harry Potter?
Conversation is a wide area and takes place in many sociocultural contexts. However, only conversational openings and questions in conversation were consulted as the basis for the analysis of the study used in Harry Potter series.
1.5. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The findings of this study were able to give Vietnamese learners valuable of how to acquire the beauty, as well as the artistic merits of any great works of English literature through narrative discourse, then to learn more efficiently and successfully.
Chapter 1 is Introduction.
Chapter 2 is Literature Review and Theoretical Background
Chapter 3 is Research Design and Methodology.
Chapter 4 is Finding and Discussion.
Chapter 5 is Conclusions
a. Discourse and discourse analysis
Discourse has been studied widely with the common definition that: “Discourse is the language in use, in communication”. Cook has defined discourse as “a continuous stretch of language larger than a sentence often constituting a coherent unit, such as sermon argument, joke or narrative”. Another definition is that of David Nunan: “Discourse can be defined as a stretch of language consisting of several sentences which are perceived as being related in some way.
In a narrow sense, discourse analysis is defined as (a) concerned with the language use beyond the boundaries of a sentence, utterance, (b) concerned with the interrelationship between language and society, and (c) concerned with the interactive properties of everyday communication.
b. Spoken and written discourse
In spoken discourse, there are two direct participants who continuously interact and exchange roles. This marks the reciprocal feature of spoken discourse. Through a wide range of devices such as stress, intonation, speed, posture, gesture, ect. The message is transmitted and decoded.
a. The concept of conversation
“Conversation can be viewed as a series of speech acts- greetings, enquiries, congratulations, comments, invitations, request… To accomplish the work of these speech acts, some organization is essential: we take turn to speak, answer questions, mark the beginning and end of conversation and make corrections when they are needed”
b. Conversational principles
Principles are more or less, Principles can co-occur, Principles are regulative, Principles are probabilistic, Principles are motivated.
c. The cooperative principle in conversations
Quantity: Make your contribution as informative as is required (for the current purpose of the exchange).
Do not make your contribution more informative than is required.
Quality: Do not say what you believe to be false.
Do not say what for which you lack adequate evidence.
Relation: Be relevant.
Manner: Avoid obscurity of expression.
Avoid ambiguity.
Be brief (avoid unnecessary prolixity).
Be orderly.
Conversational Openings can be classified:
- Greeting: greetings and identification
- Attention getting( Summons – answer sequence)
- Requesting and inquiring: Asking on situation, Request for action, Asking for information, Asking for opinion, Asking for permission for a talk, Leads-in and inviting
- Expressive: Indirect complaining, Apologizing, Expressing different feelings, Complimenting on possession, Remarking on personal state and on other things
- Informative: Informing and Reporting
– According to Collins, there are two main types of question. Questions which can be answered by ‘yes’ or ‘no’ are called ‘yes/no’ questions. In his opinion, the questions which begin with a ‘wh’-word are called wh-questions.
– As McArthur has described, questions are of three main types: yes-no questions, wh-questions, and alternative questions.
– In the view of Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, the questions that expect only affirmation or rejection are called yes-no questions. They claim that wh-questions always expect a reply supplying an item of information,
– According to Collins and Carmello Hollo, there are two subclasses: closed and open
– Nunan also claims that there are two types of questions. The first type elicits information already known by both teacher and students whereas the second type requests information not known by the questioner.
– According to King, there are six types of questions as follows: open questions, closed questions, multiple questions, leading questions, hypothetical questions, and probing questions.
Basing on the viewpoint above of Randolph Quirk and Sidney Greenbaum, Betty Schrampfer Azar as well as Graham King, Michael Swan, the data of the research were analyzed
F:\DỮ LIỆU COP CỦA CHỊ YẾN\DAI HOC DA NANG\LUAN VAN 2015\LUAN VAN NGON NGU ANH\LE THANH THUY AN\SAU BAO VE
